Raw Dinner for 6!

Masa de seara: Bucati de piept de pui crud + praf de calciu + pudra de merisor
Calciul se adauga pentru a realiza raportul calciu/fosfor de 1.3 / 1.
Merisorul se adauga pentru a acidifia urina pentru a preveni formarea de struviti.


Raw Dinner : Chunks of raw chiken breast + calcium powder + cranberry powder
Calcium is added to achieve the ratio of calcium / phosphorus to 1.3 / 1.
Cranberries are added to acidify urine to prevent the formation of struvite.

 

Cum sa ingrijesti o pisica in varsta - 9 ponturi prin care iti poti pastra pisica varstica sanatoasa

http://catalystamewsings.com/2013/08/19/how-to-care-for-an-older-cat-nine-tips-for-keeping-your-senior-healthy/

How to Care for An Older Cat – Nine Tips for Keeping Your Senior Healthy



Hey there. It’s CAT Stanley again. I’m not a senior just yet. I still have a little way to go before I get to that life stage. But since BlogPaws, a social media resource for pet bloggers and social media users, is celebrating senior pets in the month of August, I thought it might be a great time to talk about the best way to take care of an older cat.
Sharing your life with a senior cat can be a quite rewarding experience. However, they may require some special care. Here are a few tips to make life easier for your “old-timer”.
  1. Make your home as comfortable as possible for your cat. Many older cats suffer from arthritis and the pain that goes along with it. They may find it difficult to access certain areas of your home. Make your senior’s favorite perches more accessible by providing stairs nearby so your cat doesn’t have to make a huge leap to get to the perch. Make sure litter boxes are easily entered and exited as well. Consider providing a box with lower sides for easier access. Provide comfortable resting areas with plenty of soft bedding. Heck, even a young guy like me enjoys sleeping in a soft bed.
  2. Feed your senior a high quality diet that is suited to your cat’s health and physical condition. Depending on your cat’s health, a special diet may be needed to help control disease. If your cat is healthy, choose a food that is complete and balanced for a mature cat. If in doubt, check with your veterinarian for a feeding recommendation.
  3. Make sure your senior is getting enough moisture. Encourage your cat to drink plenty of water. Make sure there is a clean fresh supply available at all times. Some cats prefer drinking from a fountain. Feeding canned food is also a good way to increase your cat’s moisture intake.
  4. Watch your senior cat’s weight. Seniors may lean toward obesity or may have difficulty keeping weight on. Both situations are problematic. Obesity can contribute to pain for your senior and can also make it more likely that your senior will develop diseases like diabetes. On the other hand, weight loss may be a symptom of an existing problem. Either way, speak with your veterinarian about choosing the diet that is most appropriate for your cat.
  5. Speaking of veterinarians, regular veterinary visits are important for all cats. For seniors, they are even more essential. Your cat should have a check-up at least once yearly. For seniors, twice yearly is even better. These examinations can often uncover health issues of which you may be entirely unaware. We cats are, after all, masters of disguise when it comes to hiding the signs of illness. Even the most observant cat owner cannot always tell when their cat is ill. Naturally, finding and instituting treatment earlier rather than later can save your cat from going through a lot of pain and suffering. It can also save you money in the long run. It’s generally cheaper to treat a minor health issue than a major one. Plus, these check-ups can prolong your cat’s life – probably the most important point of all!
  6. Encourage your cat to play. Interactive play will help keep your cat’s joints and muscles healthy, will help keep your cat from becoming overweight, and will also provide mental stimulation for your cat, preventing boredom.
  7. Take care of your cat’s mouth. Sadly, it’s estimated that, by three years of age, 2/3 to 3/4 of all cats will have some degree of dental disease. Left untreated, you can imagine what our teeth might look like by the time we reach our senior years. Brushing is the gold standard for caring for your cat’s teeth and there are toothpastes and toothbrushes made specifically for the feline. Most cats will learn to tolerate having their teeth brushed with a little patience and persistence on your part. But if your cat is one that will not, there are other options, such as specially formulated dental diets and dental treats that may help. Talk to your veterinarian about finding the best option for your cat.
  8. Keep your cat free of parasites. This applies to cats of all ages. External parasites such as fleas and ticks can transmit diseases and cause serious skin problems for your cat. Internal parasites such as roundworms and hookworms can cause weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, and even blood loss in the case of the hookworm. Heartworms can cause asthma-like symptoms and can be deadly for infected cats. Don’t be fooled into thinking that your cat is immune to picking up these parasites by living indoors either.
  9. Groom your senior cat appropriately. Grooming is, of course, important for any cat. However, older cats may have difficulty grooming for a variety of reasons (arthritis and/or dental disease for instance) and may need a little extra help to keep the hair coat healthy and free of matted fur. After all, we cats like to look our best.
Taking a proactive approach by providing preventive health care for your senior cat will make sure your feline companion lives a longer and more comfortable life. For more information about senior pets, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) has published this FAQ about senior pet care.

.................................................................
(traducerea prin Google translator )

Este din nou CAT Stanley. Eu nu sunt un senior doar încă. Încă mai am un pic de a merge înainte de a ajunge la acest stadiu de viață. Dar din moment ce BlogPaws, o resursă social media pentru bloggeri pentru animale de companie și utilizatorii de social media, se sărbătorește animale de companie de conducere în luna august, m-am gândit că ar fi o mare de timp pentru a vorbi despre cel mai bun mod de a avea grijă de o pisică în vârstă.
Schimbul de viata ta cu o pisica senior poate fi o experiență destul de plină de satisfacții. Cu toate acestea, ele pot necesita o ingrijire speciala. Iată câteva sfaturi pentru a face viața mai ușoară pentru dumneavoastră "old-timer".1.Make casa ta cât mai confortabil pentru pisica ta. Multe pisici mai in varsta sufera de artrita si dureri care merge împreună cu ea. Ei pot considera că este dificil de a accesa anumite zone din casa ta. Asigurați-vă senior favorit stinghii mai accesibil prin furnizarea de scări în apropiere, astfel pisica ta nu are de a face un salt uriaș pentru a ajunge la biban. Asigurați-vă că litiere sunt ușor de intrat și a ieșit la fel de bine. Luați în considerare oferind o cutie cu părți mai mici pentru un acces mai ușor. Furnizarea de zone de odihnă confortabil cu o multime de lenjerie de pat moale. La naiba, chiar și un tânăr ca mine se bucură de dormit într-un pat moale.2.Feed senior o dieta de înaltă calitate, care este potrivit pentru sanatatea pisicii si a conditiei fizice. În funcție de sănătatea pisicii tale, un regim alimentar special ar putea fi necesare pentru a ajuta la combaterea bolilor. Daca pisica ta este sanatoasa, alege un aliment care este completa si echilibrata pentru o pisica matura. Dacă nu sunteți sigur, verificați cu medicul veterinar pentru o recomandare alimentare.3.Make sigur senior ta este suficient de umiditate. Încurajați pisica ta de a bea multă apă. Asigurați-vă că există o aprovizionare curat și proaspăt disponibile în orice moment. Unele pisici prefera bea dintr-o fântână. Hrănire conserve este, de asemenea, o modalitate buna de a crește aportul de umiditate pisicii.4.Watch greutatea pisicii seniori. Seniori poate inclina spre obezitate sau poate avea dificultăți în menținerea greutății pe. Ambele situații sunt problematice. Obezitatea poate contribui la durerea pentru senior dumneavoastră și poate face, de asemenea, mult mai probabil ca senior va dezvolta boli cum ar fi diabetul. Pe de altă parte, pierderea in greutate poate fi un simptom al unei probleme existente. Oricum, vorbesc cu medicul veterinar despre alegerea dieta care este cel mai potrivit pentru pisica ta.5.Speaking de medici veterinari, vizite veterinare regulate sunt importante pentru toate pisicile. Pentru persoanele în vârstă, ele sunt chiar mai important. Pisica dvs. ar trebui să aibă un control cel puțin o dată pe an. Pentru persoanele în vârstă, de două ori pe an este chiar mai bine. Aceste examene pot descoperi de multe ori probleme de sănătate de care puteți fi complet constienti. Noi, pisicile sunt, la urma urmei, maeștri ai deghizării atunci când vine vorba de a ascunde semnele de boala. Chiar proprietarul pisicii mai atent nu poate spune întotdeauna atunci când pisica lor este bolnav. Desigur, găsirea și instituirea tratamentului mai devreme, mai degrabă decât mai târziu poate salva pisica ta de la a merge printr-o mulțime de durere și suferință. Se poate, de asemenea, vă economisi bani pe termen lung. Este, în general, mai ieftin pentru a trata o problemă minoră de sănătate decât unul major. În plus, aceste controale pot prelungi viata pisicii - probabil cel mai important punct de toate!6.Encourage pisica ta pentru a juca. Joc interactiv va ajuta la menținerea articulațiilor și mușchilor sănătoase pisicii tale, va ajuta la menținerea pisica ta de a deveni supraponderali, și va oferi, de asemenea stimulare mentala pentru pisica ta, prevenind plictiseala.7.Take grijă de gura pisicii. Din păcate, se estimează că, până la vârsta de trei ani, 2/3 la 3/4 din toate pisicile vor avea un anumit grad de boli dentare. Lasata netratata, vă puteți imagina ce dintii nostri s-ar putea arata ca de cand vom ajunge de ani noștri seniori. Periajul este standardul de aur pentru ingrijirea dintilor pisicii și sunt pastele de dinti si periute de dinti realizate special pentru feline. Cele mai multe pisici vor învăța să tolereze au periat dintii lor, cu un pic de răbdare și perseverență din partea dumneavoastră. Dar daca pisica ta este una care nu va fi, există și alte opțiuni, cum ar fi dietele dentare special formulate și tratează dentare care pot ajuta. Vorbeste cu medicul veterinar despre găsirea cea mai bună opțiune pentru pisica ta.8.Keep pisica ta gratuit de paraziți. Acest lucru este valabil pentru pisici de toate vârstele. Paraziti externi, cum ar fi purici și căpușe pot transmite boli și cauza probleme grave ale pielii pentru pisica ta. Parazitilor interni, cum ar fi viermi rotunzi si hookworms poate duce la pierderea in greutate, diaree, varsaturi, si chiar pierderea de sânge în cazul hookworm. Viermii pot provoca simptome de astm, precum și pot fi mortale pentru pisici infectate. Nu te lăsa păcălit de gândire în care pisica ta este imun la ridicarea acestor paraziti de interior de viață, fie.9.Groom pisica dumneavoastră senior corespunzător. Grooming este, desigur, important pentru orice pisică. Cu toate acestea, pisicile mai in varsta pot avea dificultati in ingrijire pentru o varietate de motive (artrită și / sau dentar boala de exemplu), și ar putea avea nevoie de un pic de ajutor suplimentar pentru a mentine blana sanatoasa si fara blana mat. La urma urmei, pisicilor le place să se uite noastre cele mai bune.
Având o abordare proactivă prin furnizarea de asistenta medicala preventiva pentru pisica ta senior va asigurați-vă că partenerul tău feline trăiește o lungă și viața mai confortabilă. Pentru mai multe informații despre animale de companie senior, American Medical Association veterinar (AVMA) a publicat acest FAQ despre animalele de companie îngrijire senior.

Urine Off Cat 500ml

http://petcare.ro/produs/urine-off-cat-500ml

Descriere produs

 
Urine Off® este produsul No.1 in SUA pentru indepartarea petelor si mirosurior de urina de pisica.
 
Este un produs ce nu doar mascheaza, ci prin compozitia sa bioenzimatica (enzime si bacterii ce descompun toate componentele urinei, in special acidul uric) elimina in totalitate si definitiv depozitele de urina. Urine Off® nu are in compozitie substante chimice daunatoare pentru om, animale si mediul inconjurator.
 
Urina are 3 componente majore: urea, urocromul si acidul uric. Acidul uric contine cristale de sare insolubile, ceea ce reprezinta cea mai mare provocare in eliminarea urinei din tesaturi sau de pe diverse suporturi. Primele 2 componente pot fi eliminate cu ajutorul agentilor de curatare clasici, insa acidul uric fiind extrem de insolubil, ramane bine legat de suprafete. Dupa o curatare initiala cu agenti clasici problema pare rezolvata. Insa doar aparent, deoarece orice tip de umezeala va reactiva cristalele de acid uric, iar mirosul va reapare, mai puternic ca niciodata. Din acest motiv Urine Off® reprezinta singura solutie viabila si definitiva in eliminarea depozitelor de urina.
 
Produsul contine substante ce blocheaza feromonii, astfel pisica nu va simti nevoia sa urineze neincetat in acelasi loc (comportament de teritorialitate).
 
Mod de utilizare:
 
1. NICIODATA nu folositi alte produse de curatare concomitent cu Urine Off® - acest lucru ii va reduce eficacitatea. Folositi Urine Off® ca prima solutie. Daca ati folosit anterior alte chimicale, indepartati urmele acestora prin clatire cu apa, lasati sa se usuce complet apoi aplicat Urine Off®.
2. Verificati intotdeauna rezistenta la decolorare al materialului pe o zona putin vizibila! Urine Off® prezinta siguranta pentru materialele rezistente la apa, insa este mai sigur sa verificati in prealabil.
3. Imbibati bine pata si zonele adiacente cu Urine Off®. Solutia trebuie sa patrunda in toate straturile contaminate ale materialului. Cu cat suprafata este mai absorbanta cu atat mai mult Urine Off® va fi necesar de utilizat.
4. In cazul mirosurilor si petelor deosebit de rezistente, respectiv in cazul depozitelor foarte vechi si mari, imbibati bine zona cu Urine Off®, acoperiti zona cu o folie de plastic pentru 24 de ore pentru o umectare de lunga durata. Retineti ca dupa utilizare mirosul de urina se poate amplifica. Acest lucru este perfect normal in cazul depozitelor vechi si consistente si indica facptul ca zona contaminata cu urina este in sub tratament.
5. Repetati daca este necesar.
6. Lasati suprafetele sa se usuce in mod natural, in contact cu aerul . Puteti eventual clati cu apa curata eventualele reziduuri.
7. Nu pulverizati pe oameni sau animale. Urine Off® este un produs sigur pentru mediul inconjurator, dar nu este conceput pentru uzul topic!
 
Prezentare:  flacon de 500ml cu pulverizator
 
 
Informatii complete pe: ScoatePeteleDeUrina.info

Urine Finder

http://petcare.ro/produs/urine-finder

Descriere produs


Lanterna LED Urine Finder™ foloseste lumina UV pentru a identifica petele si depozitele de lumina. Urina are o culoare fluorescenta galbuie in contact cu lumina UV. Urine Finder™ foloseste o lumina UV cu o lungime de unda specifica de 375nm, lungime de unda care da fluorescenta cea mai intensa urinei.

Mod de utilizare:
Pentru un efect maxim folositi Urine Finder™ in incaperi cat mai intunecate. Puteti identifica depozitele de urina de pe orice suprafata: podea, perete, covor, mobilier, textile etc. Veti recunoaste depozitul de urina prin culoarea galben fluorescent al acesteia. Notati ca si alte substante au o anumita fluorescenta in contact cu lumina UV: sapunuri, detergenti, scamele, puful s.a.m.d., insa acestea au o fluorescenta alb-albastruie.

In momentul in care ati identificat o pata de urina, marcati zona cu un material inofensiv (de ex. cu o bucata de hartie adeziva). Tratai intotdeauna depozitele de urina cu Urine Off®.

ATENTIE: expunerile prelungite la lumina UV pot dauna ochilor. In caz de utilizare intensiva folositi ochelari protectori!

Lanterna functioneaza cu 3 baterii AAA (nu sunt incluse in pachet)

Prezentare:  1 buc lanterna cu LED.

Informatii complete pe: ScoatePeteleDeUrina.info
 

Monthly Monitor Early Illness Detection Program

http://ultrapetcatlitter.com/products/ultra-monthly-monitor/

Se poate cumpara de pe Amazon :
http://www.amazon.com/Monthly-Monitor-Illness-Detection-Program/dp/B00D8KOVUO/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1376425560&sr=8-1&keywords=Ultra+Monthly+Monitor+Early+Illness+Detection+Program

Easy to use- WORKS with all types of litter

- Simply pour on top of a newly filled litter box

- After your cat uses the litter box, wait at least 10 minutes

- Compare the color of the Monthly Monitor Crystals to this color scale:


- If the Crystals are an abnormal color, it is recommended you contact your veterinarian

- If the Crystals are a normal color, it’s okay to stir them in with your litter to help control odor

 

Clumping Cat Litter with Health Alert



http://www.pestell.com/pet/life_mate.php

LifeMate is the first clumping cat litter that contains a pH indicator that will change colour to identify common health problems BEFORE symptoms appear.

It is commonly known that urine pH can be used to provide information concerning the health of an animal. Many feline health problems are accompanied by a change in urinary pH from normal to high (alkaline) or low (acidic) condition.

LifeMate is designed to give the cat owner early indication of a possible health problem. When you see a change in the urine pH you should monitor your cat's health more closely and consult your local veterinarian.

LifeMate is not designed to provide a diagnosis for health problems, only as a possible early indication. A diagnosis can only come from a trained veterinarian.

LifeMate is a premium clumping cat litter featuring:
- Low Dust
- Low Tracking Formula
- Extra Strength Odour Control
- Resealable - Velcro Press-Lok Bag






(traducere Google translator)

LifeMate este primul litiera pisicii agregare, care conține un indicator de pH, care va schimba culoarea pentru a identifica problemele comune de sanatate inainte de simptome apar.

  Este cunoscut faptul că pH-ul urinar poate fi folosit pentru a furniza informații privind starea de sănătate a unui animal. Multe probleme de sănătate feline sunt însoțite de o schimbare in pH-ului urinar la normal la mare (alcalin) sau scăzut stare (acide).

  LifeMate este conceput pentru a oferi pisicii proprietarul semn precoce al unei posibile probleme de sănătate. Când vedeți o schimbare în pH-ul urinar ar trebui sa monitorizeze sanatatea pisicii mai îndeaproape și să se consulte medicul veterinar local.

  LifeMate nu este conceput pentru a oferi un diagnostic de probleme de sanatate, doar ca un posibil indiciu timpuriu. Un diagnostic poate veni doar de la un medic veterinar calificat.

  LifeMate este un gunoi premium pisica agregare oferind:
  - Scăzut de praf
  - Formula de urmărire Low
  - Extra Forța de control Miros
  - Resigilabil - Velcro Press-Lok Bag

Merisor - capsule si pulbere

Five Natural Remedies for Pets That Relieve Cat Urinary Problems

Five Natural Remedies for Pets That Relieve Cat Urinary Problems
  • Written by Darlene Norris
Ever wondered if there's something you can do at home to prevent or treat cat urinary problems?  Here's a list of five natural remedies for cat bladder infection, along with how to choose the best natural remedies for pets.
Feed Your Cat A High-Quality Canned Food
But, you say, this isn't a natural remedy.  Actually it is.  Feeding your cat the best diet possible is the easiest natural way to keep him healthy and prevent future problems due to poor nutrition. 
Did you know that cats that eat only dry food are chronically dehydrated?  Dry food has an extremely low moisture level, compared to canned food.  Cats are meant to get most of their water from their food, so many of them don't drink enough water, which can lead to cat urinary problems. 
Fresh, Clean, Water Is A Must
Lots of clean, fresh water is another natural remedy that promotes bladder health in your cat.  Your tap water may taste funny to your cat, so give him filtered water to make it more appealing to him.  If your cat still won't drink enough, you can add a little extra water to his canned food to increase his moisture intake.
Recommended Supplements
If your cat is suffering from a feline bladder infection, try giving him between 250 and 500 milligrams of vitamin C every day.  Vitamin C is a natural anti-inflammatory that helps to relieve the pain of a cat bladder infection.  It helps an irritated, inflamed bladder to heal itself, too.
Vitamin C can cause diarrhea if the dosage is too high, so start on the low side and work up to determine the best size dose for your kitty.
Cranberry is an old natural remedy that prevents bacteria from sticking to the bladder walls.  Avoid the super-sweet cranberry juice at the grocery store, and give your cat cranberry capsules instead.
Herbal Pet Remedies
Many of these same herbs that people have been using for centuries can be used on pets, too.  The best-known herbal pet remedies for feline urinary tract infections are uva ursi and Oregon graph holly.
Uva ursi is a strong diuretic that kills bacteria in the bladder, and also supports urinary system health. 
Oregon grape holly contains berberine, a natural antibiotic that's effective against strep and staph bacteria.  It also relieves inflammation in the bladder.
Homeopathic Remedies For Cat Bladder Infection
Cantharis is a homeopathic remedy that is very effective for relieving pain.  It's also useful when your cat is straining to empty his bladder, since it gets rid of the feeling that the bladder is still full, even after it's just been emptied.
Staphysagria also relieves pain and promotes healing of inflamed tissues.
How To Choose The Best Natural Remedies For Pets
You're probably wondering how you're going to give your cat four different herbs and homeopathic remedies.  Wonder no more.  There is a product available now that combines all four of these traditional remedies.  It's safe and effective, as well as being easy to use. 
You'll be relieved to know that you can give this remedy right along with any antibiotic treatment your cat is on.  This herbal remedy for pets doesn't interfere with the antibiotics in any way.  And you can continue giving your cat this remedy to support bladder health long after the antibiotic is finished.
Now that you're armed with this information, you can prevent cat urinary problems from sneaking up on your feline friend.
About the Author: Darlene Norris has combined her long-time interest in natural healing with her experience working at a vet clinic to bring you her new website, Natural Pet Urinary Health. Learn how to avoid cat urinary problems, and find the best place to buy herbal pet remedies at http://naturalpeturinaryhealth.com.
Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/


Cinci remedii naturale pentru animale de companie care diminuează probleme urinare Cat

 
Scris de Darlene Norris.Întrebat vreodată dacă există ceva ce se poate face la domiciliu pentru a preveni sau a trata problemele urinare pisică? Iată o listă de cinci remedii naturale pentru infectie a vezicii urinare pisica, împreună cu modul de a alege cele mai bune remedii naturale pentru animale de companie.
Hrănească pisica ta un aliment de înaltă calitate Conserve
Dar, vă spun, acest lucru nu este un remediu natural. De fapt, este. Hrănirea pisica ta cea mai buna dieta posibil este cel mai simplu mod firesc să-l țină sănătos și pentru a preveni viitoare probleme cauzate de alimentația proastă.
Știați că pisicile care mananca doar hrana uscata sunt cronic deshidratat? Hrană uscată are un nivel extrem de scăzut de umiditate, comparativ cu conserve. Pisicile sunt menite pentru a obține cele mai multe de apa din alimente lor, astfel încât mulți dintre ei nu beau suficienta apa, ceea ce poate duce la probleme urinare pisica.
Proaspete, curate, apa este o necesitate
O mulțime de apă curată, proaspătă este un alt remediu natural care promoveaza sanatatea vezicii urinare la pisica ta. Apa de la robinet poate gust ciudat pentru pisica ta, asa ca acorda-i apă filtrată pentru a face mai atrăgătoare pentru el. Daca pisica ta încă nu se va bea suficient, puteți adăuga un pic de apa in plus la alimente conservate sa de a crește aportul său umiditate.
Suplimentele recomandate
Daca pisica ta sufera de o infectie a vezicii urinare feline, încercați să oferindu-i între 250 și 500 de miligrame de vitamina C in fiecare zi. Vitamina C este un anti-inflamator natural, care ajută pentru a calma durerea de o infectie a vezicii urinare pisică. El ajută o, vezicii urinare inflamate iritat de a se vindeca, de asemenea.
Vitamina C poate provoca diaree, dacă doza este prea mare, așa că începe pe partea de joasă și să lucreze până la a determina cea mai buna doza dimensiunea pentru pisicuta ta.
Cranberry este un remediu natural vechi care impiedica bacteriile sa se lipeasca de peretii vezicii urinare. Evitati sucul de afine super-dulce de la magazin alimentar, și să dea de capsule de afine pisică în loc.
Remedii din plante pentru animale de companie
Multe dintre aceste aceiași plante care oamenii au folosit de secole pot fi folosite pe animale de companie, de asemenea. Cele mai cunoscute remedii pe bază de plante pentru animale de companie feline infecții ale tractului urinar sunt strugurii ursului și Oregon grafic Holly.
Strugurii ursului este un diuretic puternic, care ucide bacteriile din vezica urinara, și sprijină, de asemenea, sănătatea sistemului urinar.
Oregon de struguri Holly contine berberina, un antibiotic natural, care este eficient impotriva streptococilor si stafilococilor bacterii. Asemenea, amelioreaza inflamatia in vezica urinara.
Remedii homeopate pentru Cat vezicii urinare de infectare
Cantaridă este un remediu homeopatic, care este foarte eficient pentru ameliorarea durerii. Este, de asemenea, util atunci cand pisica ta este strecurat pentru a goli vezica, deoarece scapa de sentimentul ca vezica urinara este încă plin, chiar și după ce tocmai a fost golit.
Staphysagria de asemenea, ameliorează durerea și promovează vindecarea țesuturilor inflamate.
Cum de a alege cele mai bune remedii naturale pentru animale de companie
Probabil te intrebi cum ai de gând să dea pisica patru specii de plante medicinale si remedii homeopate. E de mirare nu mai mult. Există un produs disponibil acum, care combină toate aceste patru remedii tradiționale. Este sigură și eficientă, precum și ca fiind ușor de utilizat.
Vei fi ușurat să știe că vă pot da acest remediu dreapta, împreună cu orice tratament antibiotic pisica ta este pe. Acest remediu pe bază de plante pentru animale de companie nu interferează cu antibiotice în nici un fel. Și puteți continua da pisica ta acest remediu pentru a sprijini sănătatea vezicii urinare mult timp după ce antibiotic este terminat.
Acum, că ești înarmat cu aceste informații, puteți preveni problemele urinare pisică de la ascuns pe prietenul tău feline.
Despre autor: Darlene Norris a combinat interesul pe termen lung în natural de vindecare cu experienta de lucru la o clinica veterinar pentru a vă aduce noul ei site-ul, urinar Pet Natural Health. Aflați cum pentru a evita problemele urinare pisică, și pentru a găsi cel mai bun loc pentru a cumpara remedii din plante pentru animale de companie la http://naturalpeturinaryhealth.com.
Articolul Sursa: http://www.articlesbase.com

Urinary Tract Problems in Cats

Urinary Tract Problems in Cats  
By Jean Hofve, DVM  

from here http://www.catsofaustralia.com/cat-urinarytract-problems.htm

What is Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disorder?

Few conditions strike greater fear into the heart of a cat guardian than "urinary tract problems." Myths and misinformation abound, and many people know at least one other person who has a cat with this problem or who has lost a cat because of it.
"Feline lower urinary tract disorders" (commonly referred to as FLUTD, LUTD, or FUS--feline urologic syndrome) come in at least three distinct varieties. All of them put together affect less than 3% of cats, but for those who are affected, it can be a major problem. Bladder diseases occur in both male and female cats, although males have a higher risk of life-threatening blockage of the urethra. It is usually first seen in cats between 2 and 7 years of age (though some very young and very old cats may develop signs). Episodes of FLUTD are usually triggered by stress, such as home remodelling, severe weather, or loss or addition of a family member.

What are the symptoms of  Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disorders?

The clinical signs of all the FLUTDs are very similar. Cats may go to the litterbox frequently, strain to urinate, pass very small amounts at a time, lick their genitals more frequently or more intensely than usual, or have blood in the urine. The cat may associate the burning sensation of cystitis (bladder inflammation) with the litter box itself, and look for another place to go where it won't hurt. This leads to squatting in corners, in sinks or tubs, on rugs, laundry piles, or beds.

Blockages can lead to kidney failure

Most cats brought to the vet for FLUTD do not yet have blockages. However, it's important to act quickly when you see any of these signs, because if a blockage does occur, the backup of urine toxins and pressure can lead to kidney failure and death in as little as 24 hours.
 
 

Cystitis and Bladder Stones

About two thirds of FLUTDs are classified as "idiopathic cystitis", meaning "bladder inflammation of unknown cause." It is rare for bacteria to be involved--most are "sterile" inflammations. Less common causes of these signs include behavior disorders, kidney stones, anatomical defects in the bladder wall, other systemic diseases, and bladder cancer.
Only about 20% of FLUTD cases involve bladder stones, about half of these are struvite, and half are calcium oxalate stones. Crystals are not the same as stones. Male cats who block usually do so with crystals held together in a gel-like matrix with mucus from the irritated bladder. This "plug" can get stuck at the narrow end of the urethra. Crystals may be present by themselves or at the same time as a stone. Occasionally, multiple types of crystals may be present at the same time.
Struvite, or "triple-phosphate" stones, are made from normal components of urine that clump together under certain conditions. Calcium oxalate crystals and stones, which were rare in cats 10 years ago, have become much more common due to increased feeding of highly acidified struvite-treatment diets. Some stones can be dissolved by diet, though it can take a long time. Any stone can be surgically removed, and sometimes this is the most expedient solution. Stones are usually diagnosed either by radiographs (x-rays) or, ideally, ultrasound (which can "see" stones that x-rays might not reveal, and provides valuable information on condition of the bladder and kidneys). Cats with FLUTD signs lasting more than a week in spite of treatment, or if the problem recurs after treatment is discontinued, should be evaluated for stones or other anatomic abnormalities.

Diet for Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disorder

There are many medical diets made to dissolve struvite stones and to prevent recurrence of struvite and calcium oxalate stones. These include Hill's s/d, c/d(s) and c/d(o), Purina CNM-UR, Waltham's Control pHormula, and others. These are only available through veterinarians since they create specific acid-base conditions in the cat's body that should be monitored by your vet. Canned versions of these foods are preferable to dry.
In one study, 60% of cats on a single dry food were symptom-free for a year, compared to 90% of cats eating one canned food. Homemade, organic, natural diets are always on the top of the "good" list for treating this and other chronic disease conditions, but only if they can be fed consistently. Diet changes must always be made gradually to minimize stress on the cat.
Diet is a component of FLUTD, though usually not the sole cause. Dry cat foods, particularly high-fiber "light" or "senior" foods, contribute to overall dehydration and high urine concentration. Cats with FLUTD should not be fed any dry food at all if possible. Canned or homemade foods help keep the urine dilute, minimizing irritation and the risk of crystal or stone formation. Feed in timed meals rather than leaving food available.

Treatment of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disorders

Antibiotics are often used to treat feline FLUTDs and are a standard first-line of conventional treatment. Even though bacteria are rare, some antibiotics have anti-inflammatory or analgesic (pain relieving) effects. Other anti-inflammatory drugs, such as steroids, are occasionally used when there is severe inflammation. Urinary acidifiers are sometimes given if the urine pH is very high. Steroids and acidifiers should not be used long-term. The anti-depressant amitriptyline is commonly used as a long-term treatment, but its effectiveness and safety are being questioned. For male cats who block repeatedly, there is a surgery to widen the urethra. This is a last-ditch option, and some males will still block even after this surgery.
Many herbal and nutritional treatments have been tried with varying success. Certainly, antioxidant vitamins such as C and E, which are also helpful in times of stress, are indicated (Vitamin C as sodium ascorbate or Ester C, and Vitamin E). Other antioxidants such as BioSuperfood may also be helpful, because of their anti-inflammatory action. Herbs such as slippery elm, horsetail, and couch grass have helped some cats. Many cats have done well with Co-Enzyme Q10, which prevents inflammation at the cellular level.
Cranberry extract is beneficial for many animals, especially dogs, who tend to have actual infections of the bladder. Cranberry is thought to prevent the attachment of the E. coli bacteria to the bladder wall. Because bacteria are not present in most cases FLUTD, it may be less beneficial for cats. However, cranberry has still been helpful in many cases, even those without any evidence of bacteria. Cranberry capsules are available at the health food store (typically in 250 mg strength which is a good once-a-day dose for cats), and are very safe to give long-term.
Flower essences are often very helpful for FLUTD. Because the problem is so highly stress-related, addressing any underlying emotional imbalances and susceptibilities can be critical for long-term resolution. A specific formulation based on your cat's particular personality is best. Holistic veterinarians believe that FLUTD is a sign of underlying chronic disease. Homeopathy, acupuncture, Chinese herbs, western herbs, and other holistic therapies may be valuable in rectifying the hidden "causes" of FLUTD and bringing your cat's health into balance and well-being.
There are lots of diets and treatments out there. An individually tailored treatment program is needed for each patient. But, if I had only one rule I could make for all of them, it would be "no dry food."

 
 

How Effective Are Staphysagris and Cantharis For Cats With UTI?

With such herbs as Berberis vulgaris, Staphysagris and Cantharis, these products provide a level of feline urinary tract infection treatment not possible with any other method. These herbs are used for their infection fighting properties as well as their ability to soothe the urinary tract, strengthen the immune system and encourage proper urine flow.

Berberis vulgaris = Drăcilă
Staphysagris =


http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Effective-Are-Staphysagris-and-Cantharis-For-Cats-With-UTI?&id=2645767

How Effective Are Staphysagris and Cantharis For Cats With UTI?

Most cat owners have probably heard of staphysagris and cantharis for cats, and their use in the treatment of cat UTI. These ingredients are often recommended because of their efficacy in fighting cat UTI and curing its underlying causes. Cat urinary tract infection can bring much suffering and pain to your pet. If you are an observant cat owner, you know when something is not right with your pet because you know their habits. Some signs that a cat may be suffering from urinary tract infection are evident pain during urination, blood in the urine, lack of appetite and thirst, and cats peeing outside the litter box, which a cat does because they feel the litter box is what's causing the pain.
Let's take a closer look at cantharis and staphysagris for cats. These are said to provide quick relief for pets that are having a tough time urinating. Literature on cantharis and staphysagris states that it is used to treat urinary tract infections, burns, blisters, blocked urinary tracts and kidney problems, among many other things. The efficacy of cantharis and staphysagris is evident after only a few hours. There have been reports that cats with urinary tract infection, and are crying and howling when trying to urinate, experience relief after an hour of being given these homeopathic remedies. Cantharis and staphysagris are most effective when made into a tonic. It is not advisable that the tonic be developed by untrained cat owners, it should be purchased in its homeopathic remedy form because this form has been standardized and formulated by a qualified pharmacist.
Cantharsis and staphysagris are proven to be beneficial to the urogenital health of your cat. They work to restore the pH levels of the urine while promoting a healthy flow of urine. They also provide the needed nutirients of the cat's body, enabling the body to kill the infection. The beauty of staphysagris and cantharis is that they are strong enough to fight infection and even eliminate bladder stones. In addition, they are way gentler than antibiotics, so that they can be used everyday and for longer periods of time.
In addition to these two homeopathic options cantharis and staphysagris, cat owners can take "common sense" steps to prevent urinary tract infection. As the cat ages, their susceptibility to urinary tract infection increases. The cat's diet should be as natural as possible without too much chemicals, additives and other fillers. Moist food is better than dry food, and an abundant supply of clean and fresh water should always be made available to the pet.
Staphysagris and cantharis for cats suffering from urinary tract infection is a viable alternative to antibiotcs and other drug remedies. Homeopathic medicine heals at the cellular level. It reduces the inflammation, pain and swelling and relieves your cat's discomfort in the long term. It has no side effects because it is all natural, plus it will not have an adverse reaction to whatever else your cat is taking. Staphysagris and cantharis for cats can also be made part of your daily care to prevent future occurrence of infection, especially for pets who seem to be more prone to urinary tract infections.
To find out more about a well-researched, natural treatment for Urinary tract infection in pets, please visit pet-urinary-health.com Puneet Aggarwal is a regular writer on Pet problems and suggests natural alternatives. If you have any questions, you may visit his website.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Puneet_Aggarwal


Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/2645767


Natural Remedies for UTI in Cats

Observe Symptoms

  • Common symptoms of urinary tract infection or disease for cats include: painful urination, straining or crying while urinating, frequent urination with limited output, blood in the urine, loss of appetite and lethargy. Cornell University veterinarians report that "an affected cat is likely to eliminate outside the litter box if he comes to associate the box with painful urination, or if he has an increased urgency to urinate."

Occurrence and Recurrence

  • Urinary tract infections (UTI) are known for high recurrence rates and can cause a lot of trouble to the cat due to accompanying pain and irritation. Natural homeopathic remedies help with the symptoms of urinary tract infection for cats, and can also help prevent recurring infections. According to the authors of the Cat Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook, "recurrent infections may be the result of antibiotic resistance, so the urine should be cultured before beginning any treatment."


Treatment

  • Most urinary tract infections are treated with antibiotics, but holistic vets may also use a variety of natural remedies to strengthen the cat's immune system so it can resist infection more successfully. Holistic, Homeopathic and Allopathic veterinarians often focus on correcting any core imbalances that allow bacteria to thrive in a specific cat's body. 


    Natural remedies are available for soothing an irritated urinary system and treating urinary tract symptoms and infections, however these are not necessarily created specifically for cats.

Choose Species Appropriate Remedies

  • Many herbal remedies are alcohol-based which makes them unsafe for long-term use in cats, so it is important to try to find appropriate alternatives. Give cats 1 tsp. three times a day of cooled Urinary Tea Blend, an alcohol-free herbal tea that contains goldenrod, horsetail, parsley and marsh mallow, until symptoms subside. 


    Vitamin C is a natural anti-inflammatory and helps with swelling in the bladder lining. Use a buffered form of vitamin C such as Ester C, as it is less likely to irritate the digestive tract. Because Vitamin C can cause diarrhea, you may need to adjust the dosage. Antibiotics destroy beneficial bacteria so you may need to give your cat a probiotic plus yogurt an hour or two after giving antibiotics.

Homeopathic Remedies

  • Cantharsis and staphysagris are two remedies that may be beneficial to the urogenital well being of your cat. These remedies help restore the pH levels of the cat's urine and re-establish the healthy flow of urine, unless a cat is suffering from a urethral obstruction. Obstructions can be life threatening and require immediate medical care. Cantharsis and staphysagris also provide necessary nutrients to the cat's body and this helps the body fight the infection and Cantharis eases the discomfort in cats that are straining to urinate. 


    According to the article, "Natural Help for Urinary Incontinence in Pets," when it comes to treating diseases of the urinary tract and bladder, "ingredients such as Arctostaphylos uva ursi, Berberis vulgaris, Cantharis C6 and Staphysagris C6 can be used to support and promote bladder health ... The efficacy of cantharis and staphysagris is evident after only a few hours," at which time a cat who has been straining and crying out in pain may finally be able to urinate without discomfort.

Maintaining Urinary Tract Health

  • Feeding your cat a more natural, chemical free diet, choosing moist food instead of dry, and providing the freshest food possible, will help balance your cat's system, stave off infections and strengthen immunity. Try to increase fluid intake by making sure your cat always has clean, fresh water, preferably filtered or spring water and that the water is accessible.
    If your cat uses a litter box, it must be kept very clean at all times. Place the litter pan in a spot where your cat will feel comfortable using it.


Read more: http://www.ehow.com/way_5625277_natural-remedies-uti-cats.html#ixzz2cL12eoRi
 

Litiaza vezicii urinare la pisica

Bladder stone (animal)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_stone_(animal)
Jump to: navigation, search
Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Occurrence in other species, including tortoises,[1] have been reported as well. The stones form in the urinary bladder in varying size and numbers secondary to infection, dietary influences, and genetics. Stones can form in any part of the urinary tract in dogs and cats, but unlike in humans, stones of the kidney are less common and do not often cause significant disease, although they can contribute to pyelonephritis and chronic renal failure. Types of stones include struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common.
Particularly large (510 gram) canine bladder stone
X-ray of a single, large bladder stone in a dog with a bladder located more to the rear than is usual
X-ray of bladder stones in a dog
X-ray of a struvite bladder stone in a cat

Formation of bladder stones[edit source | edit]

Oversaturation of urine with crystals is by the far the biggest factor in stone formation[clarification needed].[2] This oversaturation can be caused by increased excretion of crystals by the kidneys, water reabsorption by the renal tubules resulting in concentration of the urine, and changes in urine pH that influence crystallization. Other contributing factors include diet, frequency of urination, genetics, current medications, and the presence of a urinary tract infection.
The stones form around a nidus, which can consist of white blood cells, bacteria, and organic matrix mixed with crystals, or crystals alone. The nidus makes up about two to ten percent of the mass of the stone.[3] It is possible for the nidus to be made of a different type of crystal than the rest of the stone, also known as epitaxial growth.

Symptoms[edit source | edit]

Bladder stones may cause blood in the urine (hematuria) (giving the appearance that the animal is urinating blood) but sometimes there may be no signs at all. Painful urination or straining to urinate are other signs. Urinary tract infections are commonly associated with bladder stones. Smaller stones may become lodged in the urethra, especially in male animals, causing urinary tract obstruction and the inability to urinate. This condition causes acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, septicemia, and death within a few days.

Diagnosis[edit source | edit]

When symptoms indicate bladder stones, the first step is usually to take an x-ray. Most types of stones will appear readily in an x-ray, urate and occasionally cystine stones being the most common exceptions. Stones smaller than three millimeters may not be visible.[3] Ultrasonography is also useful for identifying bladder stones. Crystals identified in a urinalysis may help identify the stones, but analysis of the stones is necessary for identification of the complete chemical composition.

Treatment[edit source | edit]

Reasons for treatment of bladder stones include recurring symptoms and risk of urinary tract obstruction. Some stones can be dissolved using dietary modifications and/or medications. Small stones in female dogs may possibly be removed by urohydropropulsion, a nonsurgical procedure. Urohydropropulsion is performed under sedation by filling the bladder with saline through a catheter, holding the dog vertically, and squeezing the bladder to expel the stones through the urethra. Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary. In male dogs with recurrent urinary tract obstruction a scrotal urethrostomy creates a permanent opening in the urethra proximal to the area where most stones lodge, behind the os penis. In male cats, stones lodge where the urethra narrows in the penis. Recurrent cases can be treated surgically with a perineal urethrostomy, which removes the penis and creates a new opening for the urethra.
To prevent recurrence of stones, special diets can be used for each type of stone. Increasing water consumption by the animal dilutes the urine, which prevents oversaturation of the urine with crystals.

Types of bladder stones[edit source | edit]

Struvite stones[edit source | edit]

Struvite stones
Struvite stones are also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate stones due to their chemical composition - MgNH4PO4·6H20. Often there is a small amount of calcium phosphate present.[4] They form at a neutral to alkaline pH of the urine. Bacterial infections contribute to their formation by increasing the pH of the urine through the urease enzyme in dogs. More than 90 percent of dogs with struvite stones have an associated urease-producing bacterial infection in the urinary tract, but in cats struvite stones usually form in sterile urine.[5] The appearance of the stones vary from large solitary stones to multiple smaller stones. They can assume the shape of the bladder or urethra.
Struvite crystals
Dissolution of the struvite stones depends on acidification of the urine through diet or urinary acidifiers. Special diets for dissolution also have reduced protein, phosphorus, and magnesium, as well as increased salt to increase water consumption and dilute the urine. The diet needs to be fed exclusively, but it can only be fed for a few months total due to potential side effects. Contraindications to this diet include heart failure, liver failure, kidney failure, pancreatitis, hypertension (high blood pressure), and hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin).[6] Prevention of struvite stones is with a similar diet with milder restrictions.
Certain dog breeds are predisposed to struvite stones, including Miniature Schnauzers, Bichon Frises, and Cocker Spaniels.[2] They are the most commonly reported bladder stone in female dogs[7] and in ferrets (pregnant ferrets may be especially predisposed).[8] For frequency in cats, see below.

Calcium oxalate stones[edit source | edit]

Calcium oxalate stones
Calcium oxalate stones form in an acidic to neutral urine. Two types naturally occur, calcium oxalate monohydrate, or whewellite (CaC2O4·H2O), and calcium oxalate dihydrate, or weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O). Their appearance can be rough, smooth, spiculated, or jackstone. Calcium oxalate stones form more readily in animals with hypercalcaemia, which can caused by Addison's disease or certain types of cancer. Hypercalcaemia results in hypercalciuria, which can also be caused by Cushing's syndrome or hyperparathyroidism.
There is no recommended diet to dissolve calcium oxalate stones. For prevention a diet low in protein and oxalates and high in magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium is recommended. Increased dietary magnesium and phosphorus decreases the amount of calcium in the urine, and increased dietary calcium reduces absorption of oxalates from the intestines.[7] Potassium citrate has been recommended as a preventative for calcium oxalate stone formation because it forms a soluble complex with oxalates and promotes the formation of alkaline urine.[2]
Dog breeds possible prone to calcium oxalate stones include Miniature Schnauzers, Lhasa Apsos, Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Poodles, Shih Tzus, and Bichon Frises.[6] They are the most common stone in male dogs.[7] Calcium oxalate stones are also common in domestic rabbits. Rabbits are prone to hypercalciuria due to intestinal absorption of calcium not being dependent on vitamin D and a high fractional urinary excretion of calcium.[8] The urine will appear thick and creamy or sometimes sandy. Small stones and sand can be removed using urohydropropulsion. Prevention is through reducing calcium intake by feeding more hay and less commercial rabbit pellets, and by not using mineral supplements.

Frequency of struvite and calcium oxalate stones in cats[edit source | edit]

The Minnesota Urolith Center at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine has done detailed analysis of uroliths from animals since 1981 and has noted changing trends in feline uroliths. In 1981, struvite stones were the most common type in cats, making up 78 percent of submitted samples, with only 2 percent comprising calcium oxalate stones. In the mid 1980s there was a substantial increase in the number of calcium oxalate samples, and between 1994 and 2002, 55 percent of feline stones were calcium oxalate and 33 percent were struvite. This may have been caused by the use of dissolution diets for struvite stones in cats and modification of other diets to prevent struvite crystal formation. These modifications predisposed to calcium oxalate crystal formation. However in 2004, struvite stones once again surpassed calcium oxalate stones 44.9 percent to 44.3 percent, and in 2006, 50 percent of stones were struvite and 39 percent were calcium oxalate. This may have been due to the increased use of diets designed to prevent calcium oxalate crystal formation, which because of increased magnesium in the diet and decreased acidity of the urine help promote struvite crystal formation.[9]
Urethral plugs in cats are usually composed of struvite crystals and organic matter.[10]

Urate stones[edit source | edit]

Urate stones
Urate (C5H4N4O3) stones, usually ammonium urate (NH4·C5H4N4O3) or sodium urate monohydrate (Na·C5H4N4O3×H2O), form in an acidic to neutral urine. They are usually small, yellow-brown, smooth stones. Urate stones form due to an increased excretion of uric acid in the urine. Dalmatians (especially males)[11] and to a lesser extent Bulldogs are genetically predisposed to the formation of urate stones because of an altered metabolism of purines. Dalmatians have a decreased rate of urate hepatic transport, leading to only about 30 to 40 percent conversion of urate to allantoin, compared with greater than 90 percent conversion in other breeds.[6] Dogs with portosystemic shunts or endstage liver disease also have increased uric acid excretion in the urine due to reduced conversion of uric acid to allantoin and ammonia to urea. Urate stones make up about six percent of all stones in the cat.[12]
Urate stones can be dissolved using a diet with reduced purines that alkalinizes and dilutes the urine. Allopurinol is used in dogs with altered purine metabolism to prevent the formation of uric acid. Feeding a diet high in purines while simultaneously administering allopurinol can result in the formation of xanthine (C5H4N4O2) stones.

Cystine stones[edit source | edit]

Cystine ((SCH2CHNH2COOH)2) stones form in an acidic to neutral urine. They are usually smooth and round. They are caused by increased urine excretion of cystine (a relatively insoluble amino acid) in dogs with a defect in renal tubule reabsorption of cystine. Dietary reduction of protein and alkalinization of the urine may help prevent formation. Medications such as D-penicillamine and 2-MPG contain thiol, which forms a soluble complex with cystine in the urine.[7] Dog breeds possibly predisposed to formation of cystine stones include Bulldogs, Dachshunds, Basset Hounds, Chihuahuas, Yorkshire Terriers, Irish Terriers, and Newfoundlands. In Newfoundlands, cystinuria is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, but in the other breeds it is a sex linked trait and found primarily in male dogs.[6]

Calcium phosphate stones[edit source | edit]

Calcium phosphate, also known as hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), stones form in neutral to alkaline urine. They are usually smooth and round. Calcium phosphate is usually a component of struvite or calcium oxalate stones and is infrequently a pure stone. They form more readily with hypercalcaemia. Dog breeds possibly predisposed to calcium phosphate stone formation include Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Schnauzers, and Cocker Spaniels.[2]

Silicate stones[edit source | edit]

Silicate (SiO2) stones form in acidic to neutral urine. They are usually jackstone in appearance. There is possibly an increased incidence associated with dogs on diets that have a large amount of corn gluten or soybean hulls. Dog breeds possibly predisposed include German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Miniature Schnauzers.[2]

References[edit source | edit]

  1. ^ Giant tortoise cheats death ("Evening Express", Aberdeen, 31/01/2009)
  2. ^ a b c d e Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3. 
  3. ^ a b "Urolithiasis: Overview". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-14. 
  4. ^ Buffington, Tony (2004). "Nutrition and Urolithiasis". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved 2006-07-16. 
  5. ^ Hoskins, Johnny D. (November 2006). "Feline Urolithiasis". DVM (Advanstar Communications): 6S–7S. 
  6. ^ a b c d "Canine Urolithiasis". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-14. 
  7. ^ a b c d Zoran, Debra L. (2006). "Role of Diet in Feline and Canine Urolithiasis". Western Veterinary Conference Proceedings. 
  8. ^ a b Hillyer, Elizabeth V.;Quesenberry, Katherin E. (1997). Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery (1st ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-4023-0. 
  9. ^ Osborne, Carl A.; Lulich, Jody P. (February 2007). "Changing trends in composition of feline uroliths and urethral plugs". DVM (Advanstar Communications): 38–40. 
  10. ^ Escolar E, Bellanato J (2003). "Analysis of feline urinary calculi and urethral plugs by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy". Vet Rec 152 (20): 625–8. doi:10.1136/vr.152.20.625. PMID 12790167. 
  11. ^ Albasan H, Lulich J, Osborne C, Lekcharoensuk C (2005). "Evaluation of the association between sex and risk of forming urate uroliths in Dalmatians". J Am Vet Med Assoc 227 (4): 565–9. doi:10.2460/javma.2005.227.565. PMID 16117063. 
  12. ^ "Feline Urolithiasis and Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-14